Model Assessment on Cooling Effect of Mangrove and Proboscis Monkey Conservation Area in Tarakan City

<p><em>A conservation area for mangrove forests and proboscis monkeys locates within a dense urban centre in Tarakan city. Its surrounding has rapidly transformed into condensing artificial structures with minimal vegetation cover. The study aims to determine the cooling effect of toward its surrounding. applies model assessment, which comprises ENVI-MET simulation air temperature distribution, Rayman PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) calculation investigate level heat stress. result shows that cover effectively after midnight 11:00 subsequent day. Specifically, area, it is confined an 8-hour window (from 0:00 8:00). Within this window, inside generates significantly lower temperature, when compared presence correlates reducing up 1.8</em><em>°</em><em> C. also extends limited radius (approximately 10 m). However, implies there no significant improvement thermal comfort as presence. results may not adequately reflect reality field. Further research calibrate measurement involves human monitoring required validate findings.</em></p>